Information processing Essay Example for Free

Information processing EssayDiscuss how data processing varies between individual, squad and racquet athletics.Sport contains principal(prenominal)ly perceptual motor readinesss so it is important to select the correct skill for the prep ar. The process used to select the correct skill is c every last(predicate)ed the info processing system or the DCR process, because we let on information, Comp be it with previous checks and then pit.Welford said that all information is taken in as stimuli by dint of our senses. It is then stored in the short name memory before being sorted, if the stimulus is relevant to the stream skill then it is stored in the short term memory w present it is comp atomic number 18d to previous experiences in the foresighted term memory. Then a decision is made as to what activity to take based on this comparison. The action that was performed and the out make sense from this action are then stored in the long term memory for future reference.W elfords example is shown belowThis model halts a mover react in the way that they do to a situation but there are many factors that usher out influence what action the performer decides to take. These include conviction available, number and intensity of stimuli, experience, anticipation, fitness and motivation of the performer. The effect these factors feature on a performer forget vary from individual, racquet and team sports.The sequence that you have available to process the incoming stimuli differs in severally sport. For example in rugby, which is externally paced, you have a small amount of time to process the stimuli and make a decision because there are usually many defenders around you. Tennis players also have very little time to react because the ball is usually travelling at a spicy speed and if they dont make a decision and return the ball they lead lose the point. However in golf, an internally paced sport, the player can take as long as they need to make a decision because there are no opponents directly around them.There are three main types of stimuli that enter the sensory input these areVision is where a player ordain react to a visual stimulus such(prenominal) as the position of the ball or an opponent. These stimuli are easier to detect and react to if the stimulus is brighter. For example in tennis the ball is bright yellow which makes it easier to see. merely there are also unwanted stimuli such as ball boys moving or tug movements these stimuli are seemingly irrelevant but they are still initially taken in which slows down the whole process. In an individual sport there are fewer visual stimuli for example in a 100m operate the only real visual stimulus is where the finish line is in relation to you.Audition this is all stimuli that are heard, for example when a team mate calls for the ball in rugby. Auditable stimuli are hard and affect easier and faster if they are loud and clear. There are also irrelevant auditable stimuli such as crowd noise these will slow down the information processing model.Proprioception this is made up of three components chemical equilibrium this is an awareness of your body position and balance. We can tell if we are about to fall over and where we are in relation to objects. police squad sports are more likely to have an uneven playing erupt which intend that your balance will have to be constantly adjusted as you are running. But in individual and racquet sports the playing surface is fairly constant with the exception of golf, where a bearing whitethorn have to be altered to adjust to the surface.Kinaesthesis this is where the body senses the muscle movement and compaction it is sometimes known as muscle memory. It is if the movement feels right to the performer. It is developed by dint of practice and experience one example would be a conversion kick in rugby the player whitethorn take there step away from the ball in the same way they usually do but they ma y just feel that they are not in the right place. It doesnt apply as a lot in team games as in individual and racquet sports apart from set plays. tactile sense this is the feeling of pressure this is important for all sports. It can be affected be the put up conditions because cold weather affects our ability to feel effectively.The short term sensory store is where all information is stored for a split second before it is processed. All relevant and irrelevant information is stored in here before it is replaced and lost. This does not differ between sports only what enters it does.The perception stage is where all the information that has come from the short term sensory store is processed. This is when irrelevant information is thrown away and useful stimuli such as where the ball is, is kept to make a decision and stored in the STM. This will vary between individual, racquet and team sports because of the amount of stimuli. In team sports there are more stimuli so it takes ye arlong to sort through whereas there are relatively small amounts of stimuli in individual sports so it drug abuse take as long to sort them out. It also differs depending upon whether the performer is experienced or not as it will be easier for a expert to sort through the stimuli because they have more experience. We sort through the stimuli with selective attention and take only the important pieces of information because only around 7-10 pieces of information can be stored in the STM.The information passed on from the perception stage is then stored in the STM. Because only 7-10 pieces of information can be stored an experienced player may chunk information together so that the position of all players is one piece, but a beginner may not be able to do this so each player may be a separate piece. Team sports would be much more affected because of the amount of information so not all stimuli can be stored so a poor decision may be made but little poor decisions will be made in a n individual or racquet sport because there is less information.The long-term memory holds information on movement patterns and the results of using them in certain situations and can hold them for a lifetime. Team sports have many memories but individual sports may have less.The decision making process is where whats disaster now (in the short term memory) with what has happened previously (in the long term memory). In the LTM the performer will be looking for similar situations and actions and their outcomes. This makes team games decision making process a lot long-range because of the vast amount of information and possible actions to take. Whereas in an individual sport there is much less information and less possible actions.The motor output is the performance of the chosen skill. One example may be for a badminton player to put in a drop shot because the opponent is at the back of the court. The action is referred to the muscle movement in the LTM. The action and its consequ ences are then stored in the long term memory for future reference.Individual sports, because they are individually paced, make them the simplest in the IP model. also because there are fewer stimuli there is a shorter reaction time which gives the performer more time to carry out the IP model which should result in a better decision.Racquet sports are externally paced due to the fact that there is an opponent this means that there is less time for the performer to react. There are some irrelevant stimuli which will slow down the IP model which means it takes longer to decide than in an individual sport but not as long as in a team sport because there are fewer possibilities for what action to take.Team sports are externally paced which reduces the time available to react. Also there are much more irrelevant stimuli in team sports, this will lengthen the IP. The IP will also be lengthened due to the complexity of most team games because there are more situations and possible respo nses to choose from.BibliographyAdvanced PE for Edexcel Heinemann by F. Galligan et al.